Fri Jun 09 2023

64 articles - From Friday Jun 02 2023 to Friday Jun 09 2023

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Guidelines

Guidelines and related publications, position statements, white papers, technical reviews, consensus statements, etc…

Endoscopy

Curriculum for training in endoscopic mucosal resection in the colon: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement.

11: Trained practitioners should log their key performance indicators (KPIs) of polypectomy during independent practice. A guide for target KPIs is provided in this document.

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Hepatology

Reply: Consensus subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with clinical outcomes and genomic phenotypes.

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Meta-analysis

meta-analyses and systematic reviews

Hepatology

Letter to the Editor: Acute rejection after liver transplantation with machine perfusion versus static cold storage: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

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Neurogastroenterol Motil

Diagnostic accuracy of gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire for gastroesophageal reflux disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

GerdQ had moderate sensitivity and specificity for GERD diagnosis. GerdQ can still be recommended as a diagnostic tool for GERD, especially when the PPI test is unavailable or contraindicated.

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Original articles

RCT, clinical trials, retrospective studies, etc…

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

A prospective comparison of UK and Malaysian patients with irritable bowel syndrome in secondary care.

IBS is more severe and is associated with a higher level of psychological symptoms in the UK compared with Malaysian patients in secondary care.

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Clinical and histologic factors associated with discordance between steatosis grade derived from histology vs. MRI-PDFF in NAFLD.

Histology overestimates steatosis grade compared to MRI-PDFF. Patients with advanced NASH are likely to be upgraded on steatosis grade by histology. These data have important implications for steatosis estimation and reporting on histology in clinical practice and trials, especially in stage 2 fibrosis patients.

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Higher rate of HBsAg loss after discontinuation of tenofovir than entecavir in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Patients who discontinued TDF had significantly higher rates of HBsAg loss than patients who discontinued entecavir, especially among the subgroups without HBV relapse after cessation of therapy.

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Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol

Long-term Risks of Recurrence After Hospital Discharge for Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Large Nationwide Cohort Study.

These large nationwide follow-up data highlighted the importance of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment during hospitalization and the assessment of the need for ongoing thienopyridine use to reduce the risk of out-of-hospital rebleeding. This information also aids in the identification of patients at high-risk of rebleeding.

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Endoscopy

A Prospective Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Impact of Cryotherapy on Dysphagia and Quality of Life in Patients with Inoperable Esophageal Cancer.

In patients with inoperable esophageal cancer receiving concurrent systemic therapy, adding liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy was safe and associated with improvement in dysphagia and QoL without causing reflux. More intensive treatment showed a greater improvement in dysphagia and should be considered as the preferred approach.

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Endoscopic resection related colorectal strictures: risk factors, management and long-term outcomes.

Most patients with an ER-defect =90% of luminal circumference develop a stricture. A high proportion of these are severe and require early balloon dilation. Conversely, there is minimal risk with an ER-defect <60.

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Gastroenterology

A fecal miRNA signature by small RNA sequencing accurately distinguishes colorectal cancers: results from a multicentric study.

Our comprehensive fecal miRNome analysis identified a signature accurately discriminating cancer aimed at improving a non-invasive diagnosis and screening strategies.

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A medium chain fatty acid analogue prevents intestinal failure-associated liver disease in preterm Yorkshire piglets.

In a preterm piglet model of IFALD, SEFA-6179 treatment prevented biochemical cholestasis and steatosis, and reduced bile duct proliferation and fibrosis. SEFA-6179 is a promising first-in-class therapy for the prevention and treatment of IFALD that will be investigated in an upcoming phase II clinical trial.

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A PhysioMechanical model of esophageal function in eosinophilic esophagitis.

Classifying PhysioMechanical esophageal function in EoE based on FLIP Panometry features may facilitate defining disease severity and directing management in EoE.

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Amphipathic liponecrosis impairs bacterial clearance and causes infection during sterile inflammation.

Release of stored LA, OA can increase their circulating unbound levels and cause amphipathic liponecrosis of immune cells via uptake by membrane phospholipids. This impairs bacterial clearance and causes infection during sterile inflammation.

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Genetic Ancestry, Race, and Severity of Acutely Decompensated Cirrhosis in Latin America.

In a large cohort of Latin American patients with ADC, increasing percentages of Native American ancestry and Native American race were factors independently associated with ACLF at enrollment.

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Gut Microbiome Composition is associated with future onset of Crohn's Disease in Healthy First-Degree Relatives.

This study is the first to demonstrate that gut microbiome composition is associated with future onset of CD and suggests that gut microbiome is a contributor in the pathogenesis of CD.

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Hemostatic powder vs. standard endoscopic treatment for gastrointestinal tumor bleeding: A multicenter randomized trial.

The TC-325 hemostatic powder results in greater immediate hemostasis rates followed by lower 30-day rebleeding rates when compared to contemporary SET. (ClinicalTrials.gov number,NCT03855904).

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Hypusination Maintains Intestinal Homeostasis and Prevents Colitis and Carcinogenesis by Enhancing Aldehyde Detoxification.

Hypusination in intestinal epithelial cells has a key role in prevention of colitis and colorectal cancer, and enhancement of this pathway via supplementation of spermidine could have therapeutic impact.

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Incidence, Risk Factors, and Temporal Trends of Small intestinal cancer: a global analysis of cancer registries.

There was a substantial geographical disparity in the burden of small intestinal cancer, with higher incidence observed in countries with higher HDI, GDP, and prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle habits, metabolic disorders, and IBD. There was an overall increasing trend in small intestinal cancer incidence, calling for the development of preventive strategies.

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Key Genetic Determinants Driving Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Initiation and Immune Evasion.

Our study unveils that loss of TP53, CDKN2A, and NOTCH1 induces esophageal neoplasia and immune evasion for ESCC initiation and proposes the CCL2 blockade as a viable option for targeting PCN-type ESCC.

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Macrophage-derived cathepsin S remodels the extracellular matrix to promote liver fibrogenesis.

Cathepsin S functions as a novel pro-fibrotic factor by remodeling extracellular matrix proteins and may represent a promising target for the diagnosis and treatment of liver fibrosis.

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MAGNITUDE AND TIME-TRENDS OF POST-ENDOSCOPY ESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA AND POST-ENDOSCOPY ESOPHAGEAL NEOPLASIA IN A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY - THE NORDIC BARRETT'S ESOPHAGUS STUDY.

Almost a quarter of al EACs are detected within a year after an ostensibly negative upper endoscopy in newly diagnosed BE patients. Interventions to improve detection may reduce PEEC/PEEN rates.

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Procedural related bleeding in hospitalized patients with liver disease (PROC-BLeeD): An international, prospective, multicenter observational study.

Procedural related bleeding occurs rarely in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. Patients with elevated BMI and decompensated liver disease who undergo high-risk procedures may be at risk to bleed. Bleeding is not associated with conventional hemostasis tests, pre-procedure prophylaxis, or recent antithrombotic therapy.

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Spatially resolved multi-omics single-cell analyses inform mechanisms of immune-dysfunction in pancreatic cancer.

Our study sheds light on the multilayered immune dysfunction in PDAC and presents a holistic view of the immune landscape in PDAC and LUAD, providing a comprehensive resource for functional studies and the exploration of therapeutically actionable targets in PDAC.

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TGFß blockade in pancreatic cancer enhances sensitivity to combination chemotherapy.

TGFß regulates pancreatic cancer cell plasticity between classical and basal cell states. TGFß blockade in orthotropic models of pancreatic cancer enhances sensitivity to chemotherapy by promoting a classical malignant cell state. This study provides scientific rationale for evaluation of NIS793 with either FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine/n(ab)paclitaxel chemotherapy backbone in the clinical setting and supports the concept of manipulating cancer cell plasticity to increase the efficacy of combination therapy regimens.

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Gastrointest Endosc

Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty-reintervention score (ESG-RS) using supervised machine learning.

ESGRS serves the purpose of aiding clinicians in preoperative risk stratification of patients undergoing ESG while guiding about factors contributing to a higher risk of reintervention.

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Multicenter observational cohort study of endoscopic band ligation without resection of small-sized subepithelial tumours of the digestive tract (Banding-SET): a clinical protocol.

EBL plus SINK-biopsy seems to be feasible, and safe, and it may offer a favorable clinical impact in small-sized SETs. Concretely, SETs =10mm are the best candidates.

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The effectiveness of endoscopic resection for colorectal neoplasms in ulcerative colitis: a multicenter registration study.

ER for colorectal neoplasms in UC may be acceptable in selected cases, although follow-up for metachronous lesions is necessary.

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Hepatology

Predictors of 6-year event-free survival in alagille syndrome patients treated with maralixibat, an ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor.

Improvement in pruritus over 48 weeks and lower W48 bilirubin and sBA levels were associated with fewer events. These data may help identify potential markers of disease progression for MRX-treated ALGS patients.

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J Hepatol

Development and validation of the AMMON-OHE model to predict risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy occurrence in outpatients with cirrhosis.

This study developed and validated the AMMON-OHE model, comprising readily available clinical and biochemical variables that can be used to identify outpatients at highest risk for developing a first episode of OHE.

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Evaluation of RNAi Therapeutics VIR-2218 and ALN-HBV for Chronic Hepatitis B: Results From Randomized Clinical Trials.

VIR-2218 demonstrated an encouraging hepatic safety profile in preclinical and clinical studies as well as dose-dependent HBsAg reductions in patients with cHBV infection. These data support future studies with VIR-2218 as part of combination regimens with a goal of HBV functional cure.

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Morphologic and molecular analysis of liver injury after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination reveals distinct characteristics.

Our analyses support that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination-induced liver injury is related to AIH but also shows distinct differences from AIH in histomorphology, pathway activation, cellular immune infiltrates, and TCR usage. VILI may be a separate entity, which is distinct from AIH and more closely related to DI-AILH. Impact and implications Little is known about the pathophysiology of COVID-19 vaccine-induced liver injury. Our analysis shows that COVID-19 vaccine-induced liver injury shares some similarities with autoimmune hepatitis, but also has distinct differences such as increased activation of metabolic pathways, a more prominent CD8+ T cell infiltrate, and an oligoclonal T and B cell response. Our findings suggest that vaccine-induced liver injury is a distinct disease entity. Therefore, there is a good chance that many patients with COVID-19 vaccine-induced liver injury will recover completely and do not develop long-term autoimmune hepatitis.

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Randomized-controlled trial of the DIALIVE liver dialysis device vs. standard of care in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure.

These data indicate that DIALIVE appears to be safe and impacts positively on prognostic scores and pathophysiologically relevant biomarkers in patients with ACLF. Larger, adequately powered studies are warranted to further confirm its safety and efficacy.

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Neurogastroenterol Motil

Diagnostic methods to measure spastic segment and guide tailored myotomy length in type 3 achalasia.

Length of spastic segment was positively correlated on HRM and BE while negatively correlated when compared to EUS, supporting the common use of HRM and highlighting the uncertain role for EUS in tailoring myotomy length for type 3 achalasia.

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Ineffective esophageal motility: The impact of change of criteria in Chicago Classification version 4.0 on predicting outcome after magnetic sphincter augmentation.

The CCv3.0 and CCv4.0 of IEM are poor predictors of dysphagia after MSA. Adding BC to the new definition improves its predictive utility and should be considered in future definitions.

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Nausea is the only symptom associated with delayed gastric emptying in pediatric functional dyspepsia patients.

Especially in children with nausea as presenting symptom of FD, a low threshold should be withheld to perform a GE breath test.

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PKC-delta and PKD activate MAPK signal pathway in mechano-transcription of colonic smooth muscle cells.

Mechanical stretch induces phosphorylation of PKCs and PKD in the colonic SMCs. PKC-delta and PKD are involved in the activation of MAPKs and induction of COX-2 in response to mechanical stretch. Inhibition of mechano-transcription has beneficial effects on motility dysfunction in bowel obstruction.

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Reviews&Editorials

Plenty of the editorials are available as full text through the publisher website using the provided link

Gut

Emerging interleukin targets in the tumour microenvironment: implications for the treatment of gastrointestinal tumours.

In this review, we provide a primer for clinicians on the challenges and potential of IL-based treatment. We specifically detail the roles of IL-2, IL-10, IL-12 and IL-15 in shaping the tumour-immune landscape of gastrointestinal malignancies, paying particular attention to promising preclinical findings, early-stage clinical research and innovative therapeutic approaches that may properly place ILs to the forefront of immunotherapy regimens.

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Timing of energy intake and the therapeutic potential of intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating in NAFLD.

By highlighting data from preclinical and pilot human studies, we present a further biological rationale for manipulating timing of energy intake to improve metabolic health and discuss how this may be mediated through restoration of natural circadian rhythms. Lastly, we comprehensively review the landscape of human trials of intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating in metabolic disease and offer a look to the future about how these dietary strategies may benefit patients with NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

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J Hepatol

An integrative experimental and computational twin modeling approach to understand the clonal dynamics in normal liver.

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Intestinal clock modulates rhythmic hepatic metabolism.

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The role of neutrophils in alcohol-related hepatitis.

For example, correction of gut dysbiosis in AH could help to prevent excess neutrophil activation, or treatments could aim to enhance miR-223 function in AH. The development of markers that can reliably distinguish neutrophil subsets, and the development of animal models that accurately reproduce human disease are important areas for facilitating translation of research in this important field.

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Neurogastroenterol Motil

Transcutaneous electrical stimulation for gastrointestinal motility disorders.

The time is ripe to evaluate further the full therapeutic potential of TES, a noninvasive, nonpharmaceutical, nonsurgical, and home-based self-administrative technique in managing GI motility disorders.

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Miscellaneous

misc publications eg case reports, tools of the trade, images of the month, etc…

Am J Gastroenterol

Calendar of Courses, Symposiums and Conferences.

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Endoscopic Approaches to Cholecystitis.

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Response to Rettally and Husby and Murray.

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Endoscopy

Can we stop routine biopsy of post-endoscopic mucosal resection scars?

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Salvage endoscopic wide-field full-thickness resection of T2 rectal cancer with endoscopic submucosal dissection instruments, without defect closure.

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Gastroenterology

A Rare Cause of Poorly Controlled Diabetes Mellitus.

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A young woman with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction since birth.

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Evaluating different approaches for calculating adenoma detection rate: is screening colonoscopy the gold standard?

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The Benefit of Artificial Intelligence-Based Diagnosis in Gastroenterology and Hepatology is Highly Variable: A Diagnostic Need and Burden Analysis.

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Gut

FAK scaffolds immune escape in pancreatic cancer.

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More than shots in the dark: driving vaccine efficacy in cirrhosis.

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Hepatology

A standardized scoring system for conflict of interest determination and mitigation for AASLD-sponsored CME events.

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Letter to the Editor mucosal gut microbiota in primary sclerosing cholangitis before and after liver transplantation: Are there other challenges?

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Reply: Acute rejection in liver transplantation: Time for uniform definitions.

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Rising tide of NAFLD in youth - a warning bell and call to action.

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Time to embrace PROMIS-29 as the standard health-related quality of life instrument for patients with cirrhosis.

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Letters&Replies

Letters to the editors and authors’ replies

Am J Gastroenterol

Comment on the 2023 ACG Guideline for Celiac Disease.

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Low Risk of Lymphoma in Pediatric Patients Treated for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Need More Evidence.

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Gastroenterology

EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy; taking the shortcut, but still a long way to go.

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Gut

Ageing trajectory of the gut microbiota is associated with metabolic diseases in a chronological age-dependent manner.

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J Hepatol

Sustained virologic response in DAA-treated HCV patients on anti-epileptic drugs.

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